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On the other hand, it is not always clear how and where the structure should be stiffened to meet the deflection criterion. If the structure is designed to building codes, then the strength requirement should be met automatically. In general, the design of structures requires that each member and the structure as a whole meet two sets of requirements, namely strength and flexibility (or deflection) criteria. Keywords: automated member selection, discrete sections The VWOM is less computationally expensive than the comparison methods, requiring two or three orders of magnitude fewer iterations to converge to the solution. If every member was allowed to have its own sectional properties, the VWOM found even lighter structures (by as much as 19,5%). The VWOM produced structures that were 0,9 to 15,1% lighter than those produced by the methods used in the comparisons. The results of the VWOM were compared with published or available solutions. Three case studies were conducted using the VWOM: (i) the benchmark optimisation ten-member truss (ii) a truss frame designed by professional engineers and (iii) a 24-storey frame. The VWOM automates most of the design process, obviating the requirement of experience and expertise in stiffening a structure. The optimisation can be readily constrained by grouping together members with the same sectional properties.
PRINCIPLE OF VIRTUAL WORK STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS EXAMPLES CODE
The Virtual Work Optimisation Method, or VWOM, that was developed minimises the mass of the structure while meeting building code strength requirements, and flexibility (or deflection) criteria. This paper presents a method for optimising structures with a given geometry and loading based on the principle of virtual work.
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Optimising structures using the principle of virtual work
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